On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. For a time it looked as if Maryland was one provocation away from joining the rebels, but Lincoln moved swiftly to defuse the situation, promising that the troops were needed purely to defend Washington, not to attack the South. July 21 Union troops occupy Harpers Ferry. His neighbors are so bitter against him that he dare not go home, and he committed himself so decidedly on the 19th April and is known to be so decided a Southerner, that it more than likely he would be thrown into a Fort. I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. WebParole Camp Annapolis, Maryland, 1864. Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. Abolition of slavery in Maryland came before the end of the war, with a new third constitution voted approval in 1864 by a small majority of Radical Republican Unionists then controlling the nominally Democratic state. Candace Ridington portrays a nurse reminiscing about her time of service in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War when the nursing profession struggled to create itself. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. Congressman Henry May (D-Maryland) was imprisoned without charge and without recourse to habeas corpus in Fort Lafayette. A similar disregard for human life developed at Camp Douglas, also known as the Andersonville of the North." The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). He and his comrades had been captured during a bloody battle at Plymouth, North Carolina. Merrick's fellow judges took up the case and ordered General Porter to appear before them, but Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward prevented the federal marshal from delivering the court order. War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. By October of 1864, the number of Union prisoners inside Salisbury swelled to more than 5,000 men, and within a few more months that number skyrocketed to more than 10,000. [84] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. In recent years, America has commemorated valor by erecting monuments to entire wars, such as the World War II and the Vietnam Veterans Memorials. Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. It was the largest Union POW camp and one of the most secure, as it was The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Civil War Riots of Thursday/Friday, April 1819, 1861. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. In the depths of Georgia, they discovered that their hardships were far from over: "As we entered the place, a spectacle met our eyes that almost froze our blood with horrorbefore us were forms that had once been active and erectstalwart men, now nothing but mere walking skeletons, covered with filth and verminMany of our men exclaimed with earnestness, 'Can this be hell?'". No wooden structures were furnished for the prisoners at Belle Isle. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next See Introduction, p. xxxiv. Early defeated Union forces under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace.The battle was part of Early's raid through the Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. [45] This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. 56,000 men died in prison camps over the course of the war, accounting for roughly 10% of the war's total death toll and exceeding American combat losses in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. Union Army Surgeon Dr. Edward Stonestreet & His Civil War Hospital in RockvilleSpeaker: Clarence Hickey. Also known as Point Lookout Camp and Lookout Point Camp . WebAfter the battle of Gettysburg, Confederate prisoners were sent to Point Lookout Prison "[77][78] Some didn't recall hearing Booth shout anything in Latin. 51-52. There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. See chart and explanation, p. 550. William A. Dobak, Freedom by the Sword, Skyhorse Publishing, 2013, Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, constitution which the state adopted in 1864, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, History of the Maryland Militia in the Civil War, List of Maryland Confederate Civil War units. After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. If I am attacked to-night, please open upon Monument Square with your mortars. [43] The provisions of May's bill were included in the March 1863 Habeas Corpus Act, in which Congress finally authorized Lincoln to suspend habeas corpus, but required actual indictments for suspected traitors. 62-65. WebThe Battle of Monocacy (also known as Monocacy Junction) was fought on July 9, 1864, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Frederick, Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. [8] Other residents, and a majority of the legislature, wished to remain in the Union, but did not want to be involved in a war against their southern neighbors, and sought to prevent a military response by Lincoln to the South's secession. Of the more than 150 prisons established during the war, the following eightexamples illustrate the challenges facing the roughly 400,000 men who had been imprisoned by war's end. On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time.[56]. Commandants purposely cut ration sizes and quality for personal profit, leading to illness, scurvy, and starvation. J.E.B. On June 28, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B Stuart and his three cavalry brigades crossed the Potomac River and arrived in Montgomery County. [45], The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). In September 1863, Rebel prisoners totaled 4,000 men. [70] The harshness of conditions at Point Lookout, and in particular whether such conditions formed part of a deliberate policy of "vindictive directives" from Washington, is a matter of some debate. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. Antietam Camp #3 is part of the Department of the Chesapeake, which includes Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. 6306239). WebThe POW Camps in Maryland during World War II included: Edgewood Arsenal (Chemical Warfare Center), Gunpowder, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Holabird Signal Depot, Baltimore, Baltimore County, MD (base camp) Hunt (Fort), Sheridan Point, Calvert County, MD (base camp) Meade (Fort George G.), near Odenton, Anne Arundel County, MD Jim Johnston unravels the historical mystery. [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. This is a PowerPoint lecture. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. The issue of slavery was finally confronted by the constitution which the state adopted in 1864. [85] Maryland has three chapters of the Sons of Confederate Veterans. See discussion and tabulation on pp. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book Send for the Doctor, is available as a first person portrayal of Dr. Stonestreet or as a PowerPoint slide show. Most prisoners had already been imprisoned in Andersonville. [76] Other witnesses including Booth himself claimed that he only yelled "Sic semper! But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. If they should attempt it, the responsibility for the bloodshed will not rest upon me. Book sales and signings can be included, with all of the sales proceeds going to Montgomery History. Obviously many natives of Maryland were doubtless in 1861 citizens of other States, and could not therefore be reckoned among the soldiers furnished by Maryland to the Confederate armies. The 120 or so Union soldiers interned there were fed meager yet adequate rations, sanitation was passable, shielding from the elements was provided, and the prisoners were even allowed to play recreational games such as baseball. "The Lincoln Administration and Freedom of the Press in Civil War Maryland." The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. [6] Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. [47], Captain Bradley T. Johnson refused the offer of the Virginians to join a Virginia Regiment, insisting that Maryland should be represented independently in the Confederate army. Communicable diseases such as smallpox and rubella swept through Alton Prison like wild fire, killing hundreds. Some narration fills in the material and moves events relentlessly to Civil War. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. [44], Although Maryland stayed as part of the Union and more Marylanders fought for the Union than for the Confederacy, Marylanders sympathetic to the secession easily crossed the Potomac River into secessionist Virginia in order to join and fight for the Confederacy. Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. It was actually two miles downriver in a placid, sandy-bottomed part of the Potomac on John Rowzees farm. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. WebThe Civil War Camps at Muddy Branch and the Outpost Camp and Blockhouse at However, Wallace delayed Early for nearly a full day, buying enough time for Ulysses S. Grant to send reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac to the Washington defenses. The barracks were so filthy and infested that the commission claimed, nothing but fire can cleanse them.". The city was in panic. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. It did not affect Maryland. Confederate General John McCausland bragged to Ulysses Grant that McCausland had come closer to taking the city than any other Confederate general. (2021), Schoeberlein, Robert W. "'A Record of Heroism': Baltimores Unionist Women in the Civil War", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:19. History He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Web1 Antietam National Battlefield 2 Monocacy National Battlefield 3 National Museum of [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1142195385, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Scharf, J. Thomas (1967 (reissue of 1879 ed.)). If they were lucky, several men could be crammed into thin canvas tents, but most were forced to construct their own drafty shelters. Alton Federal Prison, originally a civilian criminal prison, also exhibited the same sort of horrifying conditions brought on by overcrowding. The shortage of food in the Confederate States, and the refusal of Union authorities to reinstate the prisoner exchange, are also cited as contributing factors. My troops are on Federal Hill, which I can hold with the aid of my artillery. Throughout the War units WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. [citation needed] This last provision diminished the power of the small counties where the majority of the state's large former slave population lived. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. WebCivil War Camps in and Near Howard County, Maryland. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). Maryland Humanities Council (2001). Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through ouronline form! In the 14 months of its existence, 45,000 prisoners were received at Andersonville prison, and of these nearly 13,000 died. In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Stuart crossed the Potomac River with 5,000 horsemen including artillery at Rowsers Ford and proceeded to ransack Montgomery County. [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. Closed in 1865. Visit places and meet people who faced decisions and experienced wartime during those tumultuous times 150 years ago. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. Harris (2011) pp. Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. [10] Soldiers from Pennsylvania and Massachusetts were transported by rail to Baltimore, where they had to disembark, march through the city, and board another train to continue their journey south to Washington.[11]. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. A further 3,925 Marylanders, not differentiated by race, served as sailors or marines. Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. "[79]:48 Others thought they heard him say "Revenge for the South!" Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. [53] WebCivil War Prison Camps Suffering and Survival Harpers Weekly depiction of Those who voted for Maryland to remain in the Union did not explicitly seek for the emancipation of Maryland's many enslaved people, or indeed those of the Confederacy. Murphy v. Porter. Not every experience behind camp walls was the same, however. The rebellious States are to be brought back to their places in the Union, without change or diminution of their constitutional rights.[73]. Human error in the form of overcrowding the camps a frequent cause of widespread disease is to blame for many of the deaths at Point Lookout, Alton, and Salisbury. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. [33], The Merryman decision created a sensation, but its immediate impact was rather limited, as the president simply ignored the ruling. Rockvilles divisions over slavery and the war can serve as an illustration of the divisions in Maryland and the United States as a whole. Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. He has been concealed for more than six months. Major William Goldsborough, whose memoir The Maryland Line in the Confederate Army chronicled the story of the rebel Marylanders, wrote of the battle: nearly all recognized old friends and acquaintances, whom they greeted cordially, and divided with them the rations which had just changed hands. Modern estimates place the total deaths close to 1,000 men, however, period assessments varied greatly. [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. Duncan, Richard Ray. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. Belle Isle operated from 1862 to 1865. When prisoner exchanges were suspended in 1864, prison camps grew larger and more numerous. The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. Stuart. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. [1] Culturally, geographically and economically, Maryland found herself neither one thing nor another, a unique blend of Southern agrarianism and Northern mercantilism. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. P ri mary source material documenting the inhumane conditions in Civil War prisoner of war camps abounds. A great many are terribly afflicted with diarrhea, and scurvy begins to take hold of some. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. One month later in October 1861 one John Murphy asked the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia to issue a writ of habeas corpus for his son, then in the United States Army, on the grounds that he was underage. Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. The battle of Antietam, though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory to give Lincoln the opportunity to issue, in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War